The paper analyzes electronic payment instruments and means of payments in the Republic of Belarus.

The paper proposes a new method, which allows us to estimate trade costs and markups separately using only price data. The method explores the idea that the markups along the distribution chain of a good are shaped by the same final demand, and, therefore, respond similarly to a reduction in the price of a good at the initial point of the chain.

The policy paper considers the recommendations of the International Monetary Fund and analyses the measures that central banks take to support and enhance the quality of financial institutions work with economic entities, including customers, that are most affected by the coronavirus pandemic.

Recent studies have highlighted the role of human capital and good economic institutions in establishing comparative advantage in trade in complex institutions-intensive goods. We show that the effect of institutions on comparative advantage in services trade is quite different.

This paper looks at the effects of the trade war that followed 2014 events in Ukraine on Eurasian Customs Union (EACU).

We examine if a trade policy tool designed for fostering development is used strategically. We study this question using GSP country eligibility reviews regarding worker rights violations.